Chloroacetaldehyde

IDLH Documentation

CAS number: 107­20­0

NIOSH REL: 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) CEILING

Current OSHA PEL: 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) CEILING

1989 OSHA PEL: Same as current PEL

1993­1994 ACGIH TLV: 1 ppm (3.2 mg/m3) CEILING

Description of Substance: Colorless liquid with an acrid, penetrating odor.

LEL: . . Unknown

Original (SCP) IDLH: 100 ppm

Basis for original (SCP) IDLH: The chosen IDLH is based on an analogy with crotonaldehyde. Rinehart [1967] found 100 ppm crotonaldehyde to be a lethal concentration for rats for a 4­hour exposure; the LC50 for 30 minutes was 600 ppm. Human subjects found 45 ppm crotonaldehyde very disagreeable and conjunctival irritation was observed [Dow 1962 as cited by ACGIH 1971]. Based on the data cited above for crotonaldehyde, an IDLH of 100 ppm is chosen for chloroacetaldehyde.

Short­term exposure guidelines: None developed

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

Lethal concentration data:


Species

Reference
LC50

(ppm)
LCLo

(ppm)

Time
Adjusted 0.5-hr

LC (CF)
Derived

value
Rat
EPA 1987
200
-----
1 hr
250 ppm (1.25)
25 ppm


Lethal dose data:


Species

Reference

Route
LD50

(mg/kg)
LDLo

(mg/kg)

Adjusted LD
Derived value
Rat

Mouse
Lawrence et al. 1972

Lawrence et al. 1972
oral

oral
89

82
-----

-----
191 ppm

176 ppm
19 ppm

18 ppm


Human data: Volunteers found 45 ppm to be very disagreeable and conjunctival irritation was observed [Dow 1962].

Revised IDLH: 45 ppm

Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for chloroacetaldehyde is 45 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in humans [Dow 1962]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers exposed to concentrations above 45 ppm.


REFERENCES:

1. ACGIH [1971]. Crotonaldehyde. In: Documentation of the threshold limit values for substances in workroom air. 3rd ed. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, pp. 62­63.

2. Dow [1962]. Personal communication to a ACGIH TLV Committee member from the Dow Chemical Company, Biochemical Research Department.

3. EPA [1987]. TSCA section 8e submission and status report on chloroacetone and chloroacetaldehyde. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances, Report No. 8EHQ­0387­0660, April 22, 1987.

4. Lawrence WH, Dillingham EO, Turner JE [1972]. Toxicity profile of chloracetaldehyde. J Pharm Sci 61:19­25.

5. Rinehart WE [1967]. The effect on rats of single exposures to crotonaldehyde vapor. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 28:561­566.
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