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CAS number. . . . . . . . . . . 75-25-2
NIOSH REL . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 ppm (5 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
Current OSHA PEL. . . . . . . . 0.5 ppm (5 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
1989 OSHA PEL . . . . . . . . . Same as current PEL
1993-1994 ACGIH TLV . . . . . . 0.5 ppm (5.2 mg/m3) TWA [skin]
Description of Substance. . . . Colorless to yellow liquid with a
chloroform-like odor.
LEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Noncombustible Liquid
Original (SCP) IDLH*. . . . . . Unknown [*Note: "Effective" IDLH = 1,000 ppm
-- see discussion below.]
Basis for original (SCP) IDLH . Grant [1974] reported that bromoform is a
heavy liquid which resembles chloroform
physically, chemically, and pharmacologically
but is more toxic to the liver and more
irritant on inhalation, causing tearing and
salivation [Fairhall 1957]. AIHA [1965]
reported that a concentration of chloroform
immediately dangerous to life or health
has not been established, but that a
concentration of 14,000 to 16,000 ppm will
cause rapid loss of consciousness in man
[Patty 1963]. Lower concentrations of
chloroform (4,100 ppm or less) may cause
disorientation serious enough to result in
falls or other mechanical accidents [Patty
1963]. However, for this draft technical
standard, respirators have been selected on
the basis of the assigned protection factor
afforded by each device up to 2,000 x the
OSHA PEL of 0.5 ppm (i.e., 1,000 ppm); only
the "most protective" respirators are
permitted for use in concentrations exceeding
1,000 ppm.
Short-term exposure guidelines. None developed
Lethal concentration data:
Adjusted LC50 LCLo 0.5-hr Derived Species Reference (ppm) (ppm) Time LC (CF) Value ______________________________________________________________________________ Rat Izmerov et al. 1982 ----- 4,282 4 hr 8,564 ppm (2.0) 856 ppm Mammal Lublinov and 1,151 ----- ? ? ? Rabolnikova 1974 Dog Patty 1963 ----- 7,000 1 hr 8,750 ppm (1.25) 875 ppm
Lethal dose data:
LD50 LDLo Derived Species Reference Route (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Adjusted LD Value ______________________________________________________________________________ Mouse Bowman et al. 1978 oral ----- 1,400 932 ppm 93 ppm Rat Chu et al. 1980 oral ----- 1,147 764 ppm 76 ppm
Human data. . . . . . . . . . . It has been reported that 14,000 to 16,000 ppm will cause rapid loss of consciousness [Patty 1963]. The reported lethal oral dose is 143 mg/kg [Deichmann and Gerarde 1969]. [Note: An oral dose of 143 mg/kg is equivalent to a 70-kg worker being exposed to about 635 ppm for 30 minutes, assuming a breathing rate of 50 liters per minute and 100% absorption.]Revised IDLH: 850 ppm
Basis for revised IDLH: The revised IDLH for bromoform is 850 ppm based on acute inhalation toxicity data in animals [Izmerov et al. 1982]. This may be a conservative value due to the lack of relevant acute toxicity data for workers exposed to concentrations between 850 and 14,000 ppm.
REFERENCES:
- AIHA [1965]. Bromoform. In: Hygienic guide series. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 26:637.
- Bowman FJ, Borzellica JF, Munson AE [1978]. Short communication: the toxicity of some halomethanes in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 44:213-215.
- Chu I, Secours V, Marino I, Villeneuve DC [1980]. The acute toxicity of four trihalomethanes in male and female rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 52:351-353.
- Deichmann WB, Gerarde HW [1969]. Bromoform. In: Toxicology of drugs and chemicals. New York, NY: Academy Press, Inc., pp. 141-142.
- Fairhall LT [1957]. Industrial toxicology. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company, pp. 170-171.
- Grant WM [1974]. Toxicology of the eye. 2nd ed. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas, p. 203.
- Izmerov NF, Sanotsky IV, Sidorov KK [1982]. Toxicometric parameters of industrial toxic chemicals under single exposure. Moscow, Russia: Centre of International Projects, GKNT, p. 28.
- Lublinov ET, Rabolnikova LB [1974]. Acute toxicity data of some bromohydrocarbons. Gig Tr Prof Zabol 18(4):55-57 (in Russian).
- Patty FA, ed. [1963]. Industrial hygiene and toxicology. 2nd rev. ed. Vol. II. Toxicology. New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, Inc., p. 1261.
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