The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Benzene, chloro -

RTECS #: CZ0175000

CAS #: 108-90-7

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 112.56 MF: C6H5Cl


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Benzene chloride
  2. Chloorbenzeen (Dutch)
  3. Chlorbenzene
  4. Chlorbenzol
  5. Chlorobenzen (Polish)
  6. Chlorobenzene
  7. Chlorobenzene (ACGIH:OSHA)
  8. Chlorobenzenu (Czech)
  9. Clorobenzene (Italian)
  10. MCB
  1. Monochloorbenzeen (Dutch)
  2. Monochlorbenzene
  3. Monochlorbenzol (German)
  4. Monochlorobenzene
  5. Monochlorobenzene (OSHA)
  6. Monoclorobenzene (Italian)
  7. NCI - C54886
  8. Phenyl chloride
  9. Tetrosin SP


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
mouse 		1 gm/kg EMMUEG 25,302,1995
cytogenetic analysis inhalation
rat 		500 µg/L/275 day- intermittent VCVGK* -,20,1994
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 70 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) EMMUEG 12,85,1988
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		225 mg/kg/24 hour MUTAEX 2,111,1987
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 1,000 ppm NTIS** PB84-138973
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 100 mg/L EMMUEG 12,85,1988
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 300 mg/L SCIEAS 236,933,1987


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 75 ppm/6 hour (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system TXAPA9 76,365,1984
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 210 ppm/6 hour (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Hepatobiliary system TXAPA9 76,365,1984
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 590 ppm/6 hour (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) TXAPA9 76,365,1984
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 ppm/6 hour (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system TXAPA9 76,365,1984


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 61,800 mg/kg/2 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors

Blood: Tumors 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-261,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 61,800 mg/kg/103 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Liver: Tumors 		NTIS** PB86-144714/AS


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 10 gm/m3 N/R GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 15 gm/m3 N/R GISAAA 20(8),19,1955
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 700 ppm/6 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory depression TOLED5 9,137,1981
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 2,965 ppm N/R NTIS** OTS0521601
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 4,100 mg/kg Behavioral: Muscle weakness

Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		RMSRA6 16,449,1896
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 515 mg/kg N/R PHMCAA 10,172,1968
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,655 mg/kg N/R FAATDF 5,105,1985
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 2 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		TXAPA9 111,69,1991
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg Liver: Changes in liver weight TXAPA9 111,69,1991
oral
chicken 		lowest published toxic dose: 800 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Porphyrin including bile pigments 		VCVGK* -,19,1984
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,250 mg/kg N/R 85GMAT -,34,1982
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,300 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,300 mg/kg N/R 85GMAT -,34,1982
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,110 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Ataxia 		SRTCAC 36(1-4),10,1989
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,250 mg/kg N/R 38MKAJ 2B,3603,1981
skin
guinea pig 		lethal dose : >11 gm/kg N/R 85INA8 6,271,1991
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose : >2,200 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AD-A180-198
unreported route
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,300 mg/kg N/R GISAAA 51(5),61,1986
unreported route
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 4,000 mg/kg Liver: Other changes VCVGK* -,19,1984
unreported route
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,950 mg/kg Liver: Other changes VCVGK* -,19,1984
unreported route
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.26 mg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		VCVGK* -,19,1984
unreported route
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,830 mg/kg Liver: Other changes VCVGK* -,19,1984


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1 mg/m3/60 day- continuous Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: True cholinesterase

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Plasma proteins not involving coagulation 		GISAAA 30(3),8,1965
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/7 hour/24 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		NTIS** OTS0555046
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 250 ppm/7 hour/24 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		NTIS** OTS0555046
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 2.5 mg/m3/3 week- intermittent Liver: Fatty liver degeneration

Blood: Changes in cell count (unspecified)

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		VCVGK* -,19,1994
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published toxic concentration: 5 mg/m3/213 day- intermittent Endocrine: Adrenal cortex hyperplasia VCVGK* -,20,1994
oral
dog 		lowest published toxic dose: 17,712 mg/kg/93 day- intermittent Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXAPA9 19,393,1971
oral
guinea pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 441 mg/kg/63 week- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Gastritis

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		GISAAA 20(7),7,1955
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 16,250 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes in urine composition

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JTEHD6 15,745,1985
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,750 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		VCVGK* -,20,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 14 gm/kg/14 day- intermittent Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JTEHD6 15,745,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 32,500 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Peptidases

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JTEHD6 15,745,1985
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 27,300 µg/kg/39 week- intermittent Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Eosinophilia

Blood: Changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count 		GISAAA 33(10),15,1968
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 22,750 mg/kg/13 week- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		VCVGK* -,20,1994
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,170 mg/kg/31 week- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Other changes

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		VCVGK* -,20,1994
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 441 mg/kg/63 week- intermittent Gastrointestinal: Gastritis

Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		GISAAA 20(7),7,1955
unreported route
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,000 mg/kg/2 week- intermittent Liver: Hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), diffuse

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		VCVGK* -,19,1994


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 10 ppm DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 127,111,2002
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TOLED5 138,1,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 543,201,2003


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,49,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 1 ppm, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 75 ppm (350 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 50 ppm (230 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 75 ppm (345 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 10 ppm (46 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 50 ppm (230 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 75 ppm (345 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 10 ppm, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 50 ppm (230 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC-TGG 46 mg/m3, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 10 ppm (46 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 25 ppm (115 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 50 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 150 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 50 ppm (230 mg/m3), KZG- week 100 ppm (460 mg/m3),JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 75 ppm (350 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM LTEL 50 ppm (230 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 18190;
Number of Industries 36;
Total Number of Facilities 1,965;
Number of Occupations 46;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 46,734
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 18190;
Number of Industries 24;
Total Number of Facilities 912;
Number of Occupations 35;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 18,050;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 3,881


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/91/180505/AS)
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
EPA TSCA 8(a) PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT INFORMATION, FINAL RULE FEREAC 47,26992,82
Used as a chemical intermediate, solvent and emulsifier
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Hydrocarbons, halogenated, 1003
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);some evidence:rat NTPTR* NTP-TR-261,1985
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);equivocal evidence:rat
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (gavage);no evidence:mouse


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
38MKAJ "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology," 3rd rev. ed., Clayton, G.D., and F.E. Clayton, eds., New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1978-82. Vol. 3 originally pub. in 1979; pub. as 2nd rev. ed. in 1985.
85GMAT "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982
85INA8 "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices," 5th ed., Cincinnati, OH, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., 1986
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
MUTAEX Mutagenesis. (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1986-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
PHMCAA Pharmacologist. (American Soc. for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20014) V.1- 1959-
RMSRA6 Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. (Societe Medicale de La Suisse Romande, 2 rue Bellefontaine, 1003 Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1- 1881-
SCIEAS Science. (American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science, 1333 H St., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1895-
SRTCAC Science Reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University, Series C: Medicine. (Tohoku University, Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Cancer, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Sendai, Japan) V.1- 1949-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVGK* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva, galogen I kislorod sodergashie organicheskie soedinenia". (Hazardous substances. Galogen and oxygen containing substances), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1994.

Used as a chemical intermediate, solvent and emulsifier

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector

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