The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Hydrazine, 1,1 - dimethyl -

RTECS #: MV2450000

CAS #: 57-14-7

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 60.12 MF: C2H8N2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 1,1 - Dimethylhydrazin (German)
  2. 1,1 - Dimethylhydrazine
  3. 1,1 - Dimethylhydrazine (ACGIH:OSHA)
  4. Dimazin
  5. Dimazine
  6. Dimethylhydrazine
  7. N,N - Dimethylhydrazine
  1. Niesymetryczna dwu metylohydrazyna (Polish)
  2. RCRA waste number U098
  3. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
  4. as - Dimethyl hydrazine
  5. asymmetric - Dimethylhydrazine
  6. uns - Dimethylhydrazine


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
DNA damage Escherichia coli 1 µmol/L ARTODN 46,277,1980
DNA damage human fibroblast 300 µmol/L ENMUDM 7,267,1985
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		3,500 µmol/kg CNREA8 41,1469,1981
DNA damage oral
mouse 		50 mg/kg MUREAV 415,1,1998
DNA damage rat liver 30 µmol/L MUREAV 113,357,1983
DNA inhibition oral
mouse 		200 mg/kg MUREAV 46,305,1977
DNA inhibition mouse Ascites tumor 1,100 µmol/L JJATDK 1,243,1981
DNA repair Bacillus subtilis 6 mg/disc MUREAV 97,1,1982
DNA repair Escherichia coli 600 µg/disc MUREAV 97,1,1982
DNA repair mouse liver 100 µmol/L JJCREP 79,204,1988
unscheduled DNA synthesis intraperitoneal
rat 		60 mg/kg CANCAR 36,2364,1975
host-mediated assay mouse
Salmonella typhimurium 		125 mg/kg JJIND8 62,911,1979
mutation in microorganisms Aspergillus nidulans 198 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 80,265,1981
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 20 µmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) ARTODN 46,277,1980
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 42 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step) CNREA8 41,1469,1981
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 500 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) CNJGA8 21,319,1979
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		28 mg/kg/24 hour- continuous MUREAV 216,321,1989
mutation in mammalian somatic cells hamster lung 5 mmol/L MUREAV 130,121,1984
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 5 mmol/L/24 hour NTIS** AD-A075-605
morphological transform human other cell types 50 mg/L ITCSAF 17,719,1981
morphological transform human fibroblast 167 µmol/L PNASA6 80,7219,1983
morphological transform oral
rat 		200 µmol/kg CBINA8 43,313,1983
other mutation test systems mouse Ascites tumor 900 µmol/L JJATDK 1,243,1981
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 17 gm/L CNREA8 41,532,1981
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
mouse 		10 mg/kg ENMUDM 8,579,1986
sperm morphology intraperitoneal
mouse 		2,300 mg/kg/5 day- continuous CMMUAO 5,257,1978


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		JTEHD6 13,125,1984


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 144 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JNCIAM 42,337,1969
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 228 gm/kg/48 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Vascular: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors 		CANCAR 40,2427,1977
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,880 mg/kg/42 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Vascular: Tumors

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JNCIAM 50,181,1973
oral
mouse 		toxic dose : 288 mg/kg/8 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JNCIAM 42,337,1969
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 150 mg/kg/7 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Ear: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors 		NATUAS 246,491,1973
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 300 mg/kg/14 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Ear: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors 		NATUAS 246,491,1973
subcutaneous
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,686 mg/kg/72 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Peripheral nerve tumors 		CALEDQ 35,303,1987
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 420 mg/kg/21 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors 		CALEDQ 39,69,1988
subcutaneous
mouse 		toxic dose : 200 mg/kg/25 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors 		BEXBAN 92,1681,1981
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 21 mg/kg Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors 		SUFOAX 31,413,1980
subcutaneous
rat 		toxic dose : 400 mg/kg/20 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Gastrointestinal: Tumors

Gastrointestinal: Colon tumors 		SUFOAX 31,413,1980


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intracerebral
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 27 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold BCPCA6 14,1901,1965
inhalation
dog 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 3,580 ppm/15 minute Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Behavioral: Tremor

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		AIHAAP 24,137,1963
inhalation
guinea pig 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 100 mg/m3/4 hour N/R TOVEFN (6),39,1999
inhalation
hamster 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 392 ppm/4 hour Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold AMIHAB 12,609,1955
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 172 ppm/4 hour Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		AMIHAB 12,609,1955
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 252 ppm/4 hour Eye: Other eye effects

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		AMIHAB 12,609,1955
intraperitoneal
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 30 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Vascular: Regional or general arteriolar or venous dilation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		EJTXAZ 7,238,1974
intraperitoneal
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		NTIS** AD292-689
intraperitoneal
monkey 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** AD292-689
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 113 mg/kg Eye: Miosis (pupilliary constriction)

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		PSEBAA 124,172,1967
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 102 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold TXAPA9 6,371,1964
intravenous
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 60 mg/kg N/R MEPAAX 24,71,1973
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 250 mg/kg N/R MEPAAX 24,71,1973
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 119 mg/kg N/R MEPAAX 24,71,1973
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 155 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) 		STGNBT -,71,1999
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 122 mg/kg N/R MEPAAX 24,71,1973
subcutaneous
hamster 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 325 mg/kg N/R CALEDQ 35,303,1987
skin
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 301 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold TXAPA9 18,649,1971
skin
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,329 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold XAWPA2 CWL 2-10,1958
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 770 mg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Blood: Changes in bone marrow not included in above 		STGNBT -,71,1999
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,060 mg/kg N/R 85INA8 5,210.1(89),1986
unreported route
human 		lowest published toxic dose: 10 mg/kg Behavioral: Headache

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Liver: Liver function tests impaired 		STGNBT -,71,1999


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 34 gm/m3/13 minute/40 day Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion EJTXAZ 7,242,1974
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 630 mg/kg/3 week- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		TXAPA9 15,62,1969


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.01 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 4,137,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 71,1425,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 4,137,1974
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT 71,1425,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 71,1425,1999
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
ATXKA8 28,135,1971


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* 3,91,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND short term exposure limit 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3), continuous2 Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.1 ppm (0.25 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.1 ppm, KTV 0.5 ppm, Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.5 ppm (1.2 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO 1,1-DIMETHYLHYDRAZINE-air Carcinogen ceiling concentration 0.06 ppm/120 minute NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84395;
Number of Industries 2;
Total Number of Facilities 14;
Number of Occupations 3;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 25
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84395;
Number of Industries 1;
Total Number of Facilities 43;
Number of Occupations 3;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 2,917


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB/98/101025/AS)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat; Cell transform.-SA7/SHE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Rodent dominant lethal; L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse; In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Mammalian micronucleus
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a high energy propellant for liquid fuelled rockets
On EPA IRIS database
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, 3515
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85INA8 "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices," 5th ed., Cincinnati, OH, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc., 1986
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
AMIHAB AMA Archives of Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
ATXKA8 Archiv fuer Toxikologie. (Berlin, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.15-31, 1954-74. For publisher information, see ARTODN.
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958-
BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956-
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975-
CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948-
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CMMUAO Chemical Mutagens. Principles and Methods for Their Detection. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1971-
CNJGA8 Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology. (National Research Council of Canada, Publication Sales and Distribution, Ottawa ON K1A OR6, Canada) V.1- 1959-
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EJTXAZ European Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene. (Paris, France) V.7-9, 1974-76. For publisher information, see TOERD9.
ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG.
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
ITCSAF In Vitro. (Rockville, MD) V.1-20, 1965-85. For publisher information, see ICDBEO.
JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
JJCREP Japanese Journal of Cancer Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. BV, POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.76- 1985-
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8.
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
MEPAAX Medycyna Pracy. Industrial Medicine. (Ars-Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1950-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736) V.1- 1869-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915-
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
STGNBT "Spravochnik po Toksikologii i Gigienicheskim Normativam (PDK) Potentsial'no Opasnykh Khimicheskikh Veshchestv" Kushneva, V.S., and R.B. Gorshkova, eds. 46, Zhivopisnaya St., 123182, Moscow, Russia, IzdAT 1999
SUFOAX Surgical Forum. (American College of Surgeons, 55 E. Erie St., Chicago, IL 60611) V.1- 1950-
TOVEFN Toksikologicheskii Vestnik. (18-20 Vadkovskii per. Moscow, 101479, Russia) History Unknown
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
XAWPA2 U.S. Army Chemical Warfare Laboratories. (Army Chemical Center, MD)

Used as a high energy propellant for liquid fuelled rockets

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

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