The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Malononitrile, o - chlorobenzylidene -

RTECS #: OO3675000

CAS #: 2698-41-1

UPDATE: November 2004 MW: 188.62 MF: C10H5ClN2


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  6. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  7. REVIEWS:
  8. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  9. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. (o - Chlorobenzal) malononitrile
  2. 2 - Chlorobenzalmalononitrile
  3. 2 - Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
  4. 2 - Chlorobmn
  5. CS
  6. NCI - C55118
  7. Propanedinitrile, ( (2 - chlorophenyl) methylene)
  1. TL 238
  2. USAF KF - 11
  3. beta,beta - Dicyano - o - chlorostyrene
  4. o - Chlorobenzalmalononitrile
  5. o - Chlorobenzylidene malonitrile
  6. o - Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
  7. o - Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (ACGIH:OSHA)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
guinea pig 		429 ng N/R APTOA6 35,412,1974
eye
man 		0.5 ppm/20S severe MMEDA9 134,219,1969
eye
man 		624 ng severe APTOA6 35,412,1974
eye
rabbit 		5 mg severe TXAPA9 4,656,1962
eye
rabbit 		1 mg mild TXAPA9 17,295,1970
eye
rabbit 		1,150 ng mild APTOA6 35,412,1974
skin
guinea pig 		12%/6 hour open irritation test mild ARTODN 40,75,1978
skin
human 		10 mg/1 hour mild BJDEAZ 90,657,1974
skin
rat 		12%/6 hour open irritation test mild ARTODN 40,75,1978
skin
rabbit 		12%/6 hour open irritation test mild ARTODN 40,75,1978


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 6 mg/L NTPTR* NTP-TR-377,1990
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 9,400 nmol/L MUREAV 282,231,1992
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 100 µg/plate (+/-enzymatic activation step) ARTODN 49,15,1981
micronucleus test hamster lung 19 µmol/L ARTODN 63,314,1989
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 2,500 µg/L EMMUEG 11,91,1988
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 10 mg/L NTPTR* NTP-TR-377,1990
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 18,800 nmol/L MUREAV 282,231,1992


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 6 mg/m3/5 minute (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 37QLAZ -,79,1977


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2,600 mg/m3/23 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes FEPRA7 30(1),86,1971
inhalation
guinea pig 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2,326 mg/m3/10 minute Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Blood: Hemorrhage 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
inhalation
human 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,500 µg/m3/90 minute Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cough

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		AEHLAU 6,366,1963
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2,753 mg/m3/20 minute Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Blood: Hemorrhage 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
inhalation
rat 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,806 mg/m3/45 minute Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Blood: Hemorrhage 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
inhalation
rabbit 		lowest published lethal concentration: 1,802 mg/m3/10 minute Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema

Blood: Hemorrhage 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
intraperitoneal
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 73 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32,320 µg/kg Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response TOLED5 8,73,1981
intraperitoneal
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 48 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 24,45,1973
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 32,065 µg/kg Blood: Other changes TOXID9 3,64,1983
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 47,700 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		TXAPA9 25,111,1973
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 28 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8 mg/kg Eye: Lacrimation

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		TXAPA9 4,656,1962
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 212 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 282 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AD837-111
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 178 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Gastritis AEHLAU 24,449,1972
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 143 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes

Skin and Appendages: Other: Hair 		ARTODN 40,75,1978
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose : >800 mg/kg N/R TXAPA9 4,656,1962


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 10 mg/m3/6 hour/14 day- intermittent Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field NTPTR* NTP-TR-377,1990
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 3 mg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-377,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 mg/m3/6 hour/14 day- intermittent Eye: Lacrimation

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-377,1990
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,500 µg/m3/6 hour/13 week- intermittent Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		NTPTR* NTP-TR-377,1990
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 160 mg/kg/10 day- intermittent Liver: Changes in liver weight

Endocrine: Changes in thymus weight

Immunological Including Allergic: Decrease in humoral immune response 		BECTA6 26,571,1981


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value short term exposure limit 0.05 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value ceiling concentration 0.05 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,50,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM short term exposure limit 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE short term exposure limit 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.05 ppm (0.4 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE NETHERLANDS MAC- continuous 0.4 mg/m3, Skin, 2003
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

ceiling concentration 0.05 ppm (skin)
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
ceiling concentration 0.05 ppm (skin)


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO o-CHLOROBENZYLIDENEMALONONITRILE-air ceiling concentration 0.05 ppm (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #95-121,1995


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a riot control agent
NCI Carcinogenesis Studies (inhal);no evidence:mouse,rat


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
37QLAZ "Current Approaches in Toxicology," Ballantyne, B., ed., Bristol, UK, John Wright & Sons, Ltd., 1977
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960-
APTOA6 Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-59, 1945-86. For publisher information, see PHTOEH
ARTODN Archives of Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Pl. 3, D-1000 Berlin 33, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.32- 1974-
BECTA6 Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1966-
BJDEAZ British Journal of Dermatology. (Blackwell Scientific Pub. Ltd., POB 88, Oxford, UK) V.63- 1951-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
EMMUEG Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.10- 1987-
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87.
MMEDA9 Military Medicine. (Assoc. of Military Surgeons of the United States, Box 104, Kensington, MD 20795) V.116- 1955-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-

Used as a riot control agent

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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