The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Selenious acid, disodium salt

RTECS #: VS7350000

CAS #: 10102-18-8

UPDATE: May 2004 MW: 172.94 MF: O3Se•2Na


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. MUTATION DATA:
  3. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  4. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  5. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  6. REVIEWS:
  7. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  8. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  9. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  10. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. Disodium selenite
  1. Natriumselenit (German)


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis intraperitoneal
hamster 		6,650 µg/kg HEREAY 93,101,1980
cytogenetic analysis human lymphocyte 80 µmol/L MUREAV 224,503,1989
cytogenetic analysis human fibroblast 80 µmol/L BTERDG 2,81,1980
cytogenetic analysis oral
mouse 		7 mg/kg MUREAV 390,201,1997
cytogenetic analysis rat lymphocyte 7,500 nmol/L MUREAV 169,61,1986
cytogenetic analysis intravenous
rat 		10 mg/kg MUREAV 169,61,1986
DNA damage human fibroblast 50 µmol/L MUREAV 193,237,1988
DNA damage mouse leukocyte 20 µmol/L BCPCA6 43,1137,1992
DNA inhibition human fibroblast 80 µmol/L MUREAV 49,305,1978
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 10 µmol/L AEMBAP 177,229,1984
DNA repair Bacillus subtilis 50 µmol/plate MUREAV 66,175,1979
DNA repair Salmonella typhimurium 10 µg/plate CALEDQ 10,75,1980
unscheduled DNA synthesis human fibroblast 80 µmol/L/30 minute MUREAV 49,305,1978
unscheduled DNA synthesis mouse mammary gland 50 nmol/L CNREA8 44,4361,1984
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 100 µmol/L CALEDQ 10,75,1980
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 1 µmol/plate (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 66,175,1979
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 1 mmol/L (-enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 204,605,1988
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 300 µmol/L MUREAV 204,605,1988
other mutation test systems human HeLa cell 50 µmol/L TOLED5 25,219,1985
other mutation test systems human fibroblast 80 µmol/L MUREAV 49,305,1978
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 25 µg/well MUREAV 260,349,1991
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
hamster 		6,650 µg/kg HEREAY 93,101,1980
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 2 mg/L CALEDQ 18,109,1983
sister chromatid exchange human leukocyte 7,900 nmol/L/19 hour MUREAV 57,359,1978
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 7,900 nmol/L BTERDG 2,81,1980
sperm morphology oral
rat 		4,200 µg/kg/5 week- continuous MUREAV 309,29,1994


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,836 µg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TOLED5 21,35,1984
oral
hamster 		lowest published toxic dose: 17,290 mg/kg (8 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) REPTED 4,183,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 999 mg/kg (1-19 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		JONUAI 109,1646,1979
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg (8-12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth) JTEHD6 10,541,1982
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 112 mg/kg (6-13 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		TCMUD8 7,29,1987
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 50 mg/kg (8-12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) TCMUD8 4,403,1984
oral
pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,003 mg/kg (1-16 week pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		JANSAG 18,141,1959
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 384 mg/kg (34 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Testes, epididymis, sperm duct

Reproductive: Other effects on male 		RCOCB8 58,183,1987
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 15 mg/kg (13 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) NTPTR* NIH-94-3387
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 45,995 µg/kg (7-12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) ENVRAL 19,39,1979
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,729 µg/kg (16 day pregnant) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Uterus, cervix, vagina

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Extra embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord)

Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) 		INHEAO 23,95,1985
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 7,890 µg/kg (12 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Live birth index (Litter size (e.g., # fetuses per litter; measured after birth)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain) 		NEZAAQ 36,313,1981


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
N/R
 N/R N/R N/R


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
intracervical
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 300 µg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Behavioral: Change in motor activity (specific assay)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		NRTXDN 2,383,1981
intramuscular
domestic animal 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,533 µg/kg Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea 		VHTODE 29,233,1987
intramuscular
pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 2,190 µg/kg Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		JAVMA4 165,543,1974
intramuscular
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,530 µg/kg N/R AXVMAW 30,627,1976
intraperitoneal
rat 		lowest published lethal dose: 5,476 µg/kg Behavioral: Muscle contraction or spasticity

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		JPETAB 58,454,1936
intraperitoneal
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 4 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
intravenous
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,916 µg/kg Cardiac: Arrythmias (indlucing changes in conduction)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		PSDAA2 36,173,1957
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5 mg/kg Peripheral Nerve and Sensation: Flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage)

Cardiac: Other changes

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes 		NRTXDN 2,383,1981
intravenous
pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 6,570 µg/kg Brain and Coverings: Recordings from specific areas of CNS

Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Acute pulmonary edema 		AJVRAH 34,1227,1973
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
intravenous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,971 µg/kg N/R JPETAB 33,270,1928
oral
cattle 		lowest published lethal dose: 9,900 µg/kg N/R JACTDZ 5(1),45,1986
oral
domestic animal 		lowest published lethal dose: 3,300 µg/kg N/R JACTDZ 5(1),45,1986
oral
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5,060 µg/kg N/R GISAAA 35(2),14,1970
oral
horse, donkey 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 13 mg/kg Cardiac: Pulse rate increased without fall in BP

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Respiratory stimulation

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		AJVRAH 41,1925,1980
oral
man 		lowest published toxic dose: 24 mg/kg Gastrointestinal: Changes in structure or function of salivary glands

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		VHTODE 39,304,1997
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7,080 µg/kg N/R GISAAA 35(2),14,1970
oral
pig 		lowest published lethal dose: 13 mg/kg N/R JACTDZ 5(1),45,1986
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 7 mg/kg Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea 		TXAPA9 20,89,1971
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 2,250 µg/kg N/R HYSAAV 35(1-3),176,1970
parenteral
chicken 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8,500 µg/kg N/R NEPHBW 25,493,1990
parenteral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 6,570 µg/kg N/R CTOXAO 17,171,1980
parenteral
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 1,971 µg/kg N/R CTOXAO 17,171,1980
subcutaneous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 4 mg/kg N/R EQSSDX 1,1,1975
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 13 mg/kg N/R SAIGBL 17,491,1975
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.3 mg/kg Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases VCVN5* -,266,1993
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 0.5 mg/kg Liver: Changes in liver weight VCVN5* -,266,1993
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published lethal dose: 6 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Endocrine: Hypoglycemia 		PSEBAA 24,251,1926


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
duck 		lowest published toxic dose: 168 mg/kg/6 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Metabolism (intermediary): Other proteins 		JTEHD6 27,263,1989
oral
duck 		lowest published toxic dose: 58,800 µg/kg/12 week- continuous Blood: Changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		AECTCV 19,836,1990
oral
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 942 mg/kg/2 year- continuous Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		AEHLAU 24,66,1972
oral
pig 		lowest published toxic dose: 13 gm/kg/5 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other oxidoreductases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		JANSAG 59,733,1984
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5,397 mg/kg/6 week- continuous Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JONUAI 104,306,1974
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 152 mg/kg/13 week- continuous Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Changes in bladder weight

Endocrine: Effect on menstrual cycle 		NTPTR* NIH-94-3387
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,966 mg/kg/1 year- continuous Blood: Normocytic anemia

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		JONUAI 10,213,1935
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 2,541 µg/kg/33 week- intermittent Blood: Changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases 		GISAAA 35(2),14,1970
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 45 mg/kg/50 day- intermittent Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Interstitial nephritis 		VCVN5* -,271,1989
subcutaneous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 5 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Dehydrogenases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Transaminases

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Other enzymes 		VCVN5* -,271,1989


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3 DTLVS* TLV/BEI,1999
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 9,245,1975
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 3 IMSUDL 7,56,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
CHREAY 28,179,1941
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
PHREA7 23,305,1943
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
85DHAX Se,112,1976


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3 DTLVS* 3,224,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3 CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3 CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - ARAB Republic of Egypt time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA MAK 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, short term exposure limit 0.3 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY MAK 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - HUNGARY short term exposure limit 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN NGV 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM time-weighted average 0.1 mg(Se)/m3, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
time-weighted average 0.2 mg(Se)/m3


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 84379;
Number of Industries 5;
Total Number of Facilities 480;
Number of Occupations 5;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 1,198
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 84379;
Number of Industries 7;
Total Number of Facilities 741;
Number of Occupations 19;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 10,544;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 3,736


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-human lymphocytes
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-human
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used in glass manufacturing and as an alkaloidal reagent
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Risk Notification, 8EHQ-0892-9100
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP Toxicity studies, RPT# TOX-38, October 2000


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85DHAX "Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants Series," Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 1972-77
AECTCV Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 070944) V.1- 1973-
AEHLAU Archives of Environmental Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960-
AEMBAP Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.1- 1967-
AJVRAH American Journal of Veterinary Research. (American Veterinary Medical Assoc., 930 N. Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60196) V.1- 1940-
AXVMAW Archiv fuer Experimentelle Veterinaermedizin. (S. Hirzel Verlag, Postfach 506, Leipzig DDR-7010, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.6- 1952-
BCPCA6 Biochemical Pharmacology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1958-
BTERDG Biological Trace Element Research. (Humana Press Inc., POB 2148, Clifton, NJ 07015) V.1- 1979-
CALEDQ Cancer Letters (Shannon, Ireland). (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1975-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CHREAY Chemical Reviews. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) V.1- 1924-
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW.
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
ENVRAL Environmental Research. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967-
EQSSDX Environmental Quality and Safety, Supplement. (Stuttgart, Fed. Rep. Ger.) V.1-5, 1975-76. Discontinued.
GISAAA Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1- 1936-
HEREAY Hereditas (Lund, Sweden). (Gjoerloffsgatan 121, S-261 34 Landskrona, Sweden) V.1- 1947-
HYSAAV Hygiene and Sanitation (USSR). English translation of GISAAA. (Springfield, VA) 1964-71. Discontinued.
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979-
INHEAO Industrial Health. (National Institute of Industrial Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, 213 Japan) V.1- 1963-
JACTDZ Journal of the American College of Toxicology. (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 1651 Third Ave., New York, NY 10128) V.1-12, 1982-1993. Discontinued.
JANSAG Journal of Animal Science. (American Soc. of Animal Science, 309 W. Clark St., Champaign, IL 61820) V.1- 1942-
JAVMA4 Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. (American Veterinary Medical Assoc., 930 N. Meacham Rd., Schaumburg, IL 60196) V.48- 1915-
JONUAI Journal of Nutrition. (Subscription Dept., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20014) V.1- 1928-
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JTEHD6 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. (Hemisphere Pub., 1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20005) V.1- 1975/76-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NEPHBW Neuropharmacology. (Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, UK) V.9- 1970-
NEZAAQ Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Hygiene. (Nippon Eisei Gakkai, c/o Kyoto Daigaku Igakubu, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan) V.1- 1946-
NRTXDN Neurotoxicology. (Intox Press, Inc., POB 34075, Little Rock, AR 72203) V.1- 1979-
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206-
PHREA7 Physiological Reviews. (American Physiological Soc., 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814) V.1- 1921-
PSDAA2 Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. (Univ. of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069) V.1- 1916-
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
RCOCB8 Research Communications in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology. (PJD Pub. Ltd., P.O. Box 966, Westbury, NY 11590) V.1- 1970-
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
SAIGBL Sangyo Igaku. Japanese Journal of Industrial Health. (Nippon Sangyo Eisei Igakkai, Kosu Eisei Bldg., 1-29-8, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan) V.1- 1959-
TCMUD8 Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagenesis. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1980-
TOLED5 Toxicology Letters. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1977-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
VCVN5* "Vrednie chemichescie veshestva. Neorganicheskie soedinenia elementov V-VII groopp" (Hazardous substances. Inornanic substances containing V-VII group elements), Bandman A.L. et al., Chimia, 1989.
VHTODE Veterinary and Human Toxicology. (American College of Veterinary and Comparative Toxicology, Publication Office, Comparative Toxicology, Manhattan, KS 66506) V.19- 1977-

Used in glass manufacturing and as an alkaloidal reagent

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data

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