The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

Sulfide, bis (2 - chloroethyl)

RTECS #: WQ0900000

CAS #: 505-60-2

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 159.08 MF: C4H8Cl2S


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  11. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 1,1' - Thiobis (2 - chloroethane)
  2. 1 - Chloro - 2 - (beta - chloroethylthio) ethane
  3. 2,2' - Dichloro diethyl sulphide
  4. 2,2' - Dichlorodiethyl sulfide
  5. 2,2' - Dichloroethyl sulphide
  6. Bis (2 - chloroethyl) sulfide
  7. Bis (2 - chloroethyl) sulphide
  8. Bis (beta - chloroethyl) sulfide
  9. Di - 2 - chloroethyl sulfide
  10. Distilled mustard
  11. Gelbkreuz (Czech)
  12. HD
  13. Kampstoff lost
  14. Mustard HD
  15. Mustard gas
  1. Mustard vapor
  2. Mustard, sulfur
  3. S mustard
  4. S - Lost
  5. Schwefel - lost
  6. Sulfur mustard
  7. Sulfur mustard gas
  8. Sulphur mustard
  9. Sulphur mustard gas
  10. Yellow cross liquid
  11. Yperite
  12. beta,beta' - Dichloroethyl sulfide
  13. beta,beta - Dichlor - ethyl - sulphide
  14. bis (2 - chloroethyl) sulfide


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
man 		0.1 ppm/6 hour moderate NTIS** AD-A011-260
eye
rabbit 		0.2 ppm/30 minute mild NTIS** AD-A011-260
eye
rabbit 		0.2 ppm/2 minute mild NTIS** AD-A011-260
eye
rabbit 		0.4 ul/24 hour severe JAPTO* 20,S173,2000
skin
human 		65 µg severe NTIS** PB158-508
skin
man 		2 ppm/1 hour severe NTIS** AD-A011-260
skin
mouse 		0.8 mg/7 day severe TOXID9 72,162,2003
skin
rabbit 		1 µL/24 hour severe TOXID9 72,164,2003


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
cytogenetic analysis inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		10 pph/15 minute- intermittent PREBA3 62,271,1946/1947
cytogenetic analysis human leukocyte 4 mg/L PJPPAA 39,405,1987
cytogenetic analysis mouse leukocyte 20 µg/L MUREAV 21,6,1973
cytogenetic analysis rat lymphocyte 20 ng/L MUREAV 22,207,1974
dominant lethal test inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		10 pph/15 minute- intermittent PREBA3 62,271,1946/1947
dominant lethal test inhalation
rat 		100 µg/m3/12 week- continuous MUREAV 21,13,1973
DNA adduct human other cell types 100 µmol/L/5 minute CBINA8 138,231,2001
DNA adduct mouse
Ascites tumor 		2 mg/kg BIJOAK 80,496,1961
DNA damage chicken leukocyte 30 mmol/L TELEAY (29),2477,1975
DNA damage human other cell types 1 µmol/L MUREAV 294,235,1993
DNA damage human HeLa cell 2 mg/L CBINA8 4,297,1971/1972
DNA damage mouse lymphocyte 1 mg/L BBACAQ 179,179,1969
DNA damage rat liver 80 µmol/L/18 hour TXAPA9 176,24,2001
DNA damage Saccharomyes cerevisiae 500 µmol/L CBINA8 44,27,1983
DNA inhibition human other cell types 500 nmol/L TIVIEQ 6,245,1992
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 75 mg/L IUSMDJ 9,41,1979
DNA repair Escherichia coli 5 µg/well MUREAV 46,53,1977
unscheduled DNA synthesis human HeLa cell 200 mg/L NATUAS 218,970,1968
unscheduled DNA synthesis mammal (species unspecified) lymphocyte 750 nmol/L CHRTBC 3,162,1972
host-mediated assay mouse
leukocyte 		100 mg/kg MUREAV 21,6,1973
host-mediated assay mouse
Escherichia coli 		8 mg/kg CNREA8 34,3073,1974
mutation in microorganisms Escherichia coli 8 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) CNREA8 34,3073,1974
mutation in microorganisms Neurospora crassa 200 µmol/L/30 minute (-enzymatic activation step) PNASA6 35,581,1949
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 10 µg/plate (+enzymatic activation step) MUREAV 257,307,1991
micronucleus test intraperitoneal
mouse 		8 mg/kg MUREAV 257,307,1991
micronucleus test oral
mouse 		10 mg/kg MUREAV 257,307,1991
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse leukocyte 20 µg/L MUREAV 21,6,1973
other mutation test systems human HeLa cell 75 mg/L IUSMDJ 9,41,1979
sister chromatid exchange human leukocyte 8 mg/L PJPPAA 39,405,1987
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		10 pph/15 minute- intermittent PREBA3 62,271,1946/1947
specific locus test parenteral
Drosophila melanogaster 		300 µmol/L MUREAV 13,19,1971
heritable translocation test inhalation
Drosophila melanogaster 		10 pph/15 minute- intermittent PREBA3 62,271,1946/1947


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 20 mg/kg (6-15 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

Reproductive: Specific developmental abnormalities: Musculoskeletal system 		TJADAB 33,70C,1986
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 25 mg/kg (10 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Pre- implantation mortality (e.g., reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea)

Reproductive: Effects on fertility: Post- implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) 		NTIS** AD-A214-556
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 68,800 µg/kg (multigeneration) Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Delayed effects 		REPTED 10,311,1996
oral
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 11,200 µg/kg (6-18 day pregnant) Reproductive: Effects on embryo or fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) TJADAB 33,70C,1986


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published toxic concentration: 1,250 mg/m3/15 minute- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Blood: Leukemia 		PSEBAA 82,457,1953
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/1 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		NTIS** AD-A011-260
inhalation
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 100 µg/m3/6.5 hour/1 year- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Skin and Appendages: Tumors 		JTEHF8 59,471,2000
intravenous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 600 mg/kg/6 day- intermittent Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors 		JNCIAM 11,415,1950
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 6 mg/kg/6 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Tumorigenic: Tumors at site of application 		JNCIAM 14,131,1953


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
cat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 70 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
inhalation
dog 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 70 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
inhalation
domestic animal 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 190 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
inhalation
guinea pig 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 200 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
inhalation
human 		lowest published lethal concentration: 23 ppm/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB214-270
inhalation
monkey 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 80 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
inhalation
mouse 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 120 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 3.9 mg/m3/10 minute N/R TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2.7 mg/m3/30 minute N/R TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 2.1 mg/m3/1 hour N/R TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 530 µg/m3/4 hour N/R TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation
mouse 		lowest published lethal concentration: 270 µg/m3/8 hour N/R TOXID9 72,160,2003
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 100 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
inhalation
rabbit 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 280 mg/m3/10 minute N/R NTIS** PB158-508
intravenous
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 200 µg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507
intravenous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 8,600 µg/kg N/R JPETAB 93,1,1948
intravenous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 700 µg/kg N/R JPETAB 93,1,1948
intravenous
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1 mg/kg/3 minute Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Other changes TOXID9 72,163,2003
intravenous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,100 µg/kg N/R JPETAB 93,1,1948
oral
human 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 700 µg/kg N/R JTEHF8 59,471,2000
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 17 mg/kg N/R JTEHF8 59,471,2000
subcutaneous
dog 		lowest published lethal dose: 5 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507
subcutaneous
domestic animal 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507
subcutaneous
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507
subcutaneous
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507
subcutaneous
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,500 µg/kg Behavioral: Food intake (animal)

Gastrointestinal: Hypermotility, diarrhea

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		CNRMAW 25,141,1947
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507
skin
dog 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg N/R NTIS** PB158-507
skin
domestic animal 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 50 mg/kg N/R NTIS** PB158-507
skin
guinea pig 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 20 mg/kg N/R NTIS** PB158-507
skin
human 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 100 mg/kg N/R JTEHF8 59,471,2000
skin
human 		lowest published lethal dose: 64 mg/kg Olfaction: Other olfaction effects

Eye: Conjunctiva irritation

Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold 		WHOTAC -,24,1970
skin
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 92 mg/kg N/R JPETAB 93,1,1948
skin
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,600 µg/kg Skin: After systemic exposure: Dermatitis, other TOXID9 72,163,2003
skin
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 5 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 40 mg/kg Behavioral: Convulsions or effect on seizure threshold

Behavioral: Ataxia

Gastrointestinal: Nausea or vomiting 		NTIS** PB158-507


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
dog 		lowest published toxic concentration: 100 µg/m3/6 hour/52 week- intermittent Eye: Corneal damage NTIS** AD-A011-260
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 35 mg/kg/14 day- intermittent Cardiac: Other changes

Blood: Hemorrhage 		JTEHF8 59,471,2000
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 19,500 µg/kg/13 week- intermittent Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain JJATDK 16,5,1996


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Sufficient Evidence IMSUDL 7,259,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Limited Evidence IMSUDL 7,259,1987
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 1 IMSUDL 7,259,1987
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
TXAPA9 184,116,2002


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM Carcinogen, SEP2000


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
N/R N/R N/R


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
ATSDR TOXICOLOGY PROFILE (NTIS** PB2004/100006)
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-whole sex chrom. loss
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-reciprocal translocation
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test; N crassa-reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/dose response: TRP reversion
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as a vesicant in chemical warfare and as a model compound in biological studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Known to be human carcinogen


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
BBACAQ Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1947-
BIJOAK Biochemical Journal. (Biochemical Soc. Book Depot, POB 32, Commerce Way, Colchester, Essex CO2 8HP, UK) V.1- 1906-
CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1969-
CHRTBC Chromosomes Today. (George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 40 Museum St., London WC1A 1LU, UK) V.1- 1966-
CNREA8 Cancer Research. (Public Ledger Building, Suit 816, 6th & Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, PA 19106) V.1- 1941-
CNRMAW Canadian Journal of Research, Section E, Medical Sciences. (Ottawa, Ont., Canada) V.22-28, 1944-50. For publisher information, see CJBIAE.
IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979-
IUSMDJ ICN-UCLA Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology. (Menlo Park, CA) V.1-23, 1974-81.
JAPTO* Journal of Applied Toxicology (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Oldlands Way Bognor Regis West Sussex, PO22 9SA England) V.1- 1981-
JJATDK JAT, Journal of Applied Toxicology. (John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK) V.1- 1981-
JNCIAM Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.1-60, 1940-78. For publisher information, see JJIND8.
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
JTEHF8 Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A. (Taylor & Francis, 47 Runway Rd., Suite G, Levittown, PA 19057) V.53- 1998-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NATUAS Nature. (Nature Subscription Dept., POB 1018, Manasguan, NJ 08736) V.1- 1869-
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PJPPAA Polish Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacy. (ARS Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.25-44, 1973-92. For publisher information, see PJPAE3
PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915-
PREBA3 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Section B. (Edinburgh, Scotland, UK) V.61-74, 1943-74.
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04-
REPTED Reproductive Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
TELEAY Tetrahedron Letters. (Pergamon Press Ltd., Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, UK) 1959-
TIVIEQ Toxicology In Vitro. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.1- 1987-
TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1968-
TOXID9 Toxicologist. (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway, Akron, OH 44311) V.1- 1981-
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959-
WHOTAC World Health Organization, Technical Report Series. (WHO, 1211 Geneva, 27, Switzerland) No.1- 1950-

Used as a vesicant in chemical warfare and as a model compound in biological studies

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

ALT CAS #: 69020-37-7
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