The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances

o - Toluidine

RTECS #: XU2975000

CAS #: 95-53-4

UPDATE: May 2005 MW: 107.17 MF: C7H9N


NOTE:

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
  1. SYNONYMS:
  2. SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA:
  3. MUTATION DATA:
  4. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA:
  5. TUMORIGENIC DATA:
  6. ACUTE TOXICITY DATA:
  7. OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA:
  8. REVIEWS:
  9. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:
  10. NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:
  11. STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:
  12. REFERENCES:

SYNONYMS:

  1. 1 - Amino - 2 - methylbenzene
  2. 1 - Methyl - 2 - aminobenzene
  3. 2 - Amino - 1 - methylbenzene
  4. 2 - Aminotoluene
  5. 2 - Methyl - 1 - aminobenzene
  6. 2 - Methylaniline
  7. 2 - Methylbenzenamine
  8. 2 - Toluidine
  9. Aniline, 2 - methyl -
  10. Benzenamine, 2 - methyl - (9CI)
  1. C.I. 37077
  2. RCRA waste number U328
  3. o - Aminotoluene
  4. o - Methylaniline
  5. o - Methylbenzenamine
  6. o - Toluidin (Czech)
  7. o - Toluidine (ACGIH:OSHA)
  8. o - Toluidyna (Polish)
  9. o - Tolylamine
  10. ortho - Toluidine


SKIN AND EYE IRRITATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
eye
rabbit 		750 µg/24 hour severe 85JCAE -,460,1986
skin
rabbit 		10 mg/24 hour open irritation test mild AIHAAP 23,95,1962
skin
rabbit 		500 mg/24 hour mild 85JCAE -,460,1986


MUTATION DATA AND REFERENCES:

SYSTEM TEST ROUTE/
ORGANISM/
TISSUE 		DOSE REFERENCE
body fluid assay rat
Salmonella typhimurium 		300 mg/kg MUREAV 79,173,1980
body fluid assay rat
ovary 		400 mg/kg MUREAV 143,263,1985
cytogenetic analysis hamster liver 12 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,397,1985
cytogenetic analysis hamster lung 1 gm/L PMRSDJ 5,427,1985
cytogenetic analysis hamster ovary 250 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,413,1985
cytogenetic analysis rat liver 175 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,387,1985
DNA damage hamster ovary 20 mmol/L PMRSDJ 5,367,1985
DNA damage human other cell types 16 mmol/L/20 hour TXCYAC 179,115,2002
DNA damage intraperitoneal
mouse 		100 mg/kg ATSUDG 5,355,1982
DNA damage oral
mouse 		600 mg/kg MUREAV 440,1,1999
DNA damage rat liver 319 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,353,1985
DNA damage rat other cell types 8 mmol/L/20 hour TXCYAC 179,115,2002
DNA inhibition human HeLa cell 4 mmol/L CRNGDP 13,2389,1992
DNA inhibition intraperitoneal
mouse 		20 gm/kg ARGEAR 51,605,1981
DNA inhibition oral
mouse 		200 mg/kg MUREAV 46,305,1977
DNA repair Escherichia coli 20 µL/plate JJIND8 62,873,1979
unscheduled DNA synthesis human HeLa cell 50 µL/L PMRSDJ 5,347,1985
unscheduled DNA synthesis rat liver 1 mmol/L PMRSDJ 5,371,1985
mutation in microorganisms human lymphocyte 300 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 5,497,1985
mutation in microorganisms mouse lymphocyte 12,500 µg/L (+enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 5,525,1985
mutation in microorganisms mouse embryo 250 mg/L (+enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 5,639,1985
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 40 µg/plate (-enzymatic activation step) PJABDW 53,34,1977
mutation in microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium 250 ng/plate (+enzymatic activation step) AGSREJ 13,13,1995
mutation in microorganisms Saccharomyes cerevisiae 378 mg/L (+/-enzymatic activation step) PMRSDJ 5,271,1985
micronucleus test human lymphocyte 2 mmol/L MUREAV 291,93,1993
micronucleus test multiple
non-mammalian species 		4 ppm MUREAV 292,83,1993
gene conversion and mitotic recombination Saccharomyes cerevisiae 378 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,271,1985
mutation in mammalian somatic cells human lymphocyte 450 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,497,1985
mutation in mammalian somatic cells mouse lymphocyte 10 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,587,1985
morphological transform hamster embryo 100 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,665,1985
morphological transform mouse embryo 500 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,659,1985
phage inhibition capacity Escherichia coli 100 mmol/L MDMIAZ 31,11,1979
sister chromatid exchange intraperitoneal
hamster 		200 mg/kg MUREAV 113,33,1983
sister chromatid exchange oral
hamster 		200 mg/kg MUREAV 113,33,1983
sister chromatid exchange hamster ovary 125 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,451,1985
sister chromatid exchange hamster lung 2,500 µmol/L PMRSDJ 5,469,1985
sister chromatid exchange human lymphocyte 200 µmol/L MUREAV 211,77,1989
sister chromatid exchange rat liver 21,800 µg/L PMRSDJ 5,387,1985
sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction hamster liver 60 mg/L PMRSDJ 5,397,1985
specific locus test oral
Drosophila melanogaster 		1 mmol/L PMRSDJ 5,313,1985


REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
skin
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9,520 mg/kg (17 week male) Reproductive: Paternal effects: Spermatogenesis (including genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		GTPZAB 27(9),47,1983
skin
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 9,520 mg/kg (17 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Growth statistics (e.g., reduced weight gain)

Reproductive: Effects on newborn: Physical 		GTPZAB 27(9),47,1983
skin
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 952 mg/kg (17 week prior to copulation) Reproductive: Maternal effects: Ovaries, fallopian tubes

Reproductive: Maternal effects: Menstrual cycle changes or disorders 		GTPZAB 27(9),47,1983


TUMORIGENIC DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 109 gm/kg/2 year- continuous Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Blood: Tumors 		FCTOD7 25,619,1987
oral
rat 		toxic dose : 7,250 mg/kg/23 week- continuous Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		APMIAL 26,447,1949
subcutaneous
mouse 		lowest published toxic dose: 320 mg/kg (15-21 day pregnant) Tumorigenic: Neoplastic by RTECS criteria

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Tumors

Reproductive: Tumorigenic effects: Transplacental tumorigenesis 		BEXBAN 78,1402,1974
subcutaneous
rabbit 		lowest published toxic dose: 840 mg/kg/14 week- intermittent Tumorigenic: Equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Bladder tumors 		IMEMDT 27,155,1982


ACUTE TOXICITY DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
inhalation
man 		lowest published toxic concentration: 25 mg/m3 Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Urine volume increased

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Hematuria

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		GTPZAB 14(8),7,1970
inhalation
rat 		lethal concentration (50 percent kill): 862 ppm/4 hour Behavioral: Somnolence (general depressed activity)

Behavioral: Tremor

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Cyanosis 		NTIS** OTS0570956
intraperitoneal
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 150 mg/kg N/R NTIS** AD691-490
oral
cat 		lowest published lethal dose: 150 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		XPHBAO 271,49,1941
oral
frog 		lowest published lethal dose: 151 mg/kg Behavioral: Coma

Lung, Thorax, or Respiration: Dyspnea

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		XPHBAO 271,49,1941
oral
mammal (species unspecified) 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 1,700 mg/kg N/R GTPZAB 32(10),25,1988
oral
mouse 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 520 mg/kg Blood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		IMEMDT 27,155,1982
oral
rat 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 670 mg/kg Blood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		IMEMDT 27,155,1982
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 60 mg/kg Liver: Other changes

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Other changes

Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels: Multiple enzyme effects 		TXCYAC 186,67,2003
oral
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 840 mg/kg Blood: Normocytic anemia

Blood: Pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia 		IMEMDT 27,155,1982
skin
rabbit 		lethal dose (50 percent kill): 3,250 µL/kg N/R AIHAAP 23,95,1962


OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE DATA AND REFERENCES:

ROUTE/
ORGANISM 		DOSE
EFFECT

 REFERENCE
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,125 mg/kg/5 day- continuous Blood: Changes in spleen

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain

Related to Chronic Data: Death in the "MULTIPLE DOSE" data type field 		FAATDF 3,285,1983
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 10,200 mg/kg/30 day- intermittent Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder: Proteinuria

Blood: Normocytic anemia

Nutritional and Gross Metabolic: Weight loss or decreased weight gain 		VINIT* #4035-77
oral
rat 		lowest published toxic dose: 1,125 mg/kg/5 day- intermittent Blood: Methemoglobinemia- Carboxhemoglobinemia

Blood: Changes in spleen 		CICAD* VI:7,1,1998


REVIEWS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value time-weighted average 2 ppm (skin) DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown DTLVS* TLV/BEI,2003
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT 77,564,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT 77,564,2000
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Cancer Review Group 2A IMEMDT 77,564,2000
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 543,201,2003
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW
MUREAV 567,109,2004


STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD
REFERENCE
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) STANDARD - air time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) DTLVS* 3,261,1971
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (General Industry) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1910.1000,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Construction) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1926.55,1994
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Shipyards) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 29,1915.1000,1993
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (Federal Contractors) 8 hour time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR 41,50-204.50,1994
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRALIA time-weighted average 2 ppm (9 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - AUSTRIA Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - BELGIUM time-weighted average 2 ppm (8.8 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - DENMARK time-weighted average 2 ppm (9 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FINLAND time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), short term exposure limit 10 ppm (44 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE VME 2 ppm (9 mg/m3), continuous2 Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - FRANCE Carcinogen (salts), JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - GERMANY Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - JAPAN Occupational Exposure Limit 1 ppm (4.4 mg/m3), Skin, 2B Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - NORWAY time-weighted average 1 ppm (4.5 mg/m3), JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - THE PHILIPPINES time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - POLAND MAC(time-weighted average) 3 mg/m3, MAC(short term exposure limit) 9 mg/m3, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - RUSSIA time-weighted average 0.5 mg/m3, short term exposure limit 1 mg/m3, Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWEDEN Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - SWITZERLAND MAK- week 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3), Skin, Carcinogen, JAN1999
Occupational Exposure Limit - TURKEY time-weighted average 5 ppm (22 mg/m3), Skin, JAN1993
Occupational Exposure Limit - UNITED KINGDOM Carcinogen, SEP2000
Occupational Exposure Limit IN ARGENTINA, BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value;

Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown
Occupational Exposure Limit IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value
Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown


NIOSH DOCUMENTATION AND SURVEILLANCE:

ORGANIZATION STANDARD or SURVEY
REFERENCE
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Level TO o-TOLUIDINE-air Carcinogen lowest feasible concentration (Sk) NIOSH* DHHS #92-100,1992
National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974 National Occupational Hazard Survey 1974: Hazard Code: 73470;
Number of Industries 21;
Total Number of Facilities 2,912;
Number of Occupations 20;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 13,053
National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983 National Occupational Exposure Survey 1983: Hazard Code: 73470;
Number of Industries 32;
Total Number of Facilities 2,517;
Number of Occupations 25;
Total Number of Employees Exposed 30,019;
Total Number of Female Employees Exposed 15,501


STATUS IN FEDERAL AGENCIES:

ORGANIZATION
REFERENCE
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat embryo
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Positive: E coli polA without S9
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Negative: Sperm morphology-mouse; S cerevisiae-homozygosis
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, Inconclusive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA TSCA Section 8(b) CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes and in production of o-AMINOAZOTOLUENE
EPA TSCA Section 8(d) unpublished health/safety studies
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 2001
NIOSH Analytical Method, 1994: Amines, aromatic, 2002
NTP 11th Report on Carcinogens,2004:Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
OSHA ANALYTICAL METHOD #ID-73


REFERENCES:

CODEN
REFERENCE
85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986
AGSREJ Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research. (Arab Bureau of Education for the Gulf States, POB 3908, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia) V.7 No.2- 1989-
AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958-
APMIAL Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. (Copenhagen, Denmark) V.1-77, 1924-69. For publisher information, see ACPADQ.
ARGEAR Archiv fuer Geschwulstforschung. (VEB Verlag Volk und Gesundheit Neue Gruenstr. 18, Berlin DDR-1020, Ger. Dem. Rep.) V.1- 1949-
ATSUDG Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) No.1- 1978-
BEXBAN Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (English Translation). Translation of BEBMAE. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.41- 1956-
CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
CICAD* TA:Concise International Chemical Assessment Document (CICAD)
CRNGDP Carcinogenesis (London). (Oxford Univ. Press, Pinkhill House, Southfield Road, Eynsham, Oxford OX8 1JJ, UK) V.1- 1980-
DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
FAATDF Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-40, 1981-97. For publisher information, see TOSCF2
FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology. (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523) V.20- 1982-
GTPZAB Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. (V/O Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga, 113095 Moscow, USSR) V.1-36, 1957-1992. For publisher information, see MTPEEI
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. (Washington, DC) V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
MDMIAZ Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia. For English translation, see EXMMAV. (Ars Polona, POB 1001, 00-068 Warsaw 1, Poland) V.1- 1949-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964-
NIOSH* National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
PJABDW Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B: Physical and Biological Sciences. (Maruzen Co. Ltd., POB 5050, Tokyo International, Tokyo 100-31, Japan) V.53- 1977-
PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017) V.1- 1981-
TXCYAC Toxicology. (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland, Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland) V.1- 1973-
VINIT* Vsesoyuznyi Institut Nauchnoi i Tekhnicheskoi Informatsii (VINITI). All-Union Institute of Scientific and Technical Information. (Moscow, USSR) Use information broker to obtain publications.
XPHBAO U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Bulletin. (Washington, DC)

Used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes and in production of o-AMINOAZOTOLUENE

NIOSH PROFILE (AMINES, PRIMARY AROMATIC), SRI, 2/77

RTECS Compound Description:
   Tumorigen
   Mutagen
   Reproductive Effector
   Human Data
   Primary Irritant

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