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Comparing Descriptive Calculation with
Experimental |
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The following table provides a listing of
breakthrough times as calculated using the Yoon-Nelson
equations versus experimental data. (Note: the Yoon-Nelson equation is a descriptive
equation that
uses the experimental data to derive parameters used in the calculation.) The
following standard
conditions were used: |
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- Contaminant concentration: 1000
ppm
- Number of respirator cartridges:
2
- Sorbent: Activated charcoal, the
specific source varied with manufacturer
- Sorbent mass per cartridge:
20-40 g, the amount varied with manufacturer
- Flow rate: 53.3 liters per
minute
- Temperature: 22 degrees Celsius
- Relative humidity: 50%
- Preconditioning humidity: 50%
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- Yoon, Y.H., J.H. Nelson,
Breakthrough Time and Adsorption Capacity of Respirator Cartridges, American Industrial
Hygiene Association Journal, 53:303-316 (1992).
- Nelson, G.O., A.N. Correia,
Respirator cartridge efficiency studies: VIII. Summary and conclusions, American
Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 37:517-525 (1976).
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Compound
Name |
Calculated |
Experimental |
|
|
|
|
|
1% |
10% |
1% |
10% |
Aromatics |
|
|
|
|
Benzene |
71.2 |
90.2 |
73.3 |
88.6 |
Toluene |
93.2 |
116 |
94.3 |
114 |
Ethyl
benzene |
81.4 |
106 |
83.7 |
105 |
m-Xylene |
97.9 |
117 |
98.7 |
116 |
Cumene |
81.3 |
103 |
81.2 |
103 |
Mesitylene |
84.9 |
106 |
85.5 |
105 |
p-Cymene |
73.7 |
94.2 |
75.6 |
92.9 |
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|
Alcohols |
|
|
|
|
Methanol |
-1.90 |
4.50 |
0.211 |
3.37 |
Ethanol |
20.0 |
50.1 |
28.0 |
45.3 |
Isopropanol |
48.4 |
86.2 |
54.3 |
81.8 |
Allyl
alcohol |
62.5 |
107 |
65.5 |
105 |
Propanol |
84.4 |
124 |
85.5 |
123 |
sec-Butanol |
94.3 |
123 |
96.0 |
121 |
Butanol |
113 |
143 |
115 |
141 |
2-Pentanol |
84.2 |
113 |
86.8 |
111 |
3-Methyl-1-butanol |
96.1 |
123 |
97.0 |
121 |
4-Methyl-2-pentanol |
70.8 |
98.5 |
75.4 |
96.1 |
Pentanol |
103 |
129 |
103 |
130 |
2-Ethyl-1-butanol |
72.1 |
103 |
76.5 |
101 |
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Monochlorides |
|
|
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|
Methyl
chloride |
-0.927 |
1.18 |
0.051 |
0.689 |
Vinyl
chloride |
2.48 |
7.58 |
3.75 |
6.64 |
Ethyl
chloride |
4.89 |
11.1 |
5.62 |
10.7 |
2-Chloropropane |
24.0 |
37.1 |
26.1 |
35.9 |
Allyl
chloride |
29.5 |
45.5 |
30.5 |
44.6 |
1-Chloropropane |
22.5 |
39.6 |
24.5 |
38.4 |
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane |
35.8 |
53.3 |
37.4 |
52.3 |
1-Chlorobutane |
71.3 |
88.8 |
72.0 |
88.1 |
2-Chloro-2-methylbutane |
58.5 |
79.8 |
58.8 |
79.3 |
1-Chloropentane |
74.7 |
96.8 |
74.7 |
96.6 |
Chlorocyclopentane |
78.0 |
105 |
77.5 |
106 |
Chlorobenzene |
106 |
132 |
107 |
131 |
1-Chlorohexane |
75.3 |
97.8 |
77.3 |
95.8 |
o-Chlorotoluene |
99.4 |
123 |
102 |
122 |
1-Chloroheptane |
82.0 |
101 |
81.5 |
101 |
3-(Chloromethyl)
heptane |
62.0 |
80.5 |
63.4 |
80.5 |
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Dichlorides |
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|
Dichloromethane |
7.78 |
17.1 |
10.1 |
15.8 |
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene |
33.0 |
50.7 |
33.0 |
50.3 |
1,1-Dichloroethane |
17.9 |
42.9 |
23.3 |
40.1 |
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene |
24.6 |
45.5 |
29.8 |
42.6 |
1,2-Dichloroethane |
50.9 |
82.1 |
54.0 |
79.7 |
1,2-Dichloropropane |
62.4 |
92.0 |
65.0 |
90.3 |
cis-trans-1,2-Dichloropropene |
85.0 |
111 |
85.5 |
110 |
1,4-Dichlorobutane |
106 |
130 |
108 |
129 |
o-Dichlorobenzene |
106 |
134 |
109 |
132 |
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Trichlorides |
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Chloroform |
29.6 |
54.8 |
33.2 |
52.4 |
Methyl
chloroform |
34.1 |
62.6 |
40.4 |
58.9 |
Trichloroethylene |
52.2 |
85.2 |
55.3 |
83.0 |
1,1,2-Trichloroethane |
71.4 |
112 |
71.8 |
112 |
1,2,3-Trichloropropane |
108 |
133 |
111 |
132 |
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Tetrachlorides |
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Carbon
tetrachloride |
74.0 |
91.9 |
77.0 |
90.0 |
Perchloroethylene |
105 |
130 |
107 |
129 |
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane |
102 |
132 |
104 |
131 |
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Pentachlorides |
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|
|
Pentachloroethane |
92.2 |
118 |
93.2 |
117 |
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Acetates |
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|
Methyl
acetate |
30.1 |
48.3 |
32.8 |
46.5 |
Vinyl
acetate |
55.6 |
80.4 |
55.0 |
81.1 |
Ethyl
acetate |
64.9 |
86.3 |
66.8 |
84.7 |
Isopropyl
acetate |
63.1 |
86.8 |
64.5 |
85.6 |
Isopropenyl
acetate |
80.3 |
106 |
80.6 |
106 |
Propyl
acetate |
75.6 |
101 |
78.8 |
99.0 |
Allyl
acetate |
73.4 |
96.7 |
75.8 |
95.6 |
sec-Butyl
acetate |
81.4 |
102 |
82.8 |
101 |
Butyl
acetate |
76.0 |
97.6 |
77.3 |
96.9 |
Isopentyl
acetate |
69.1 |
89.6 |
70.9 |
88.3 |
1,3-Dimethylbutyl
acetate |
60.6 |
76.0 |
60.6 |
76.0 |
Pentyl
acetate |
69.4 |
89.4 |
72.6 |
87.3 |
Hexyl
acetate |
65.6 |
86.5 |
67.0 |
85.3 |
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Ketones |
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|
Acetone |
35.6 |
46.8 |
37.1 |
46.0 |
2-Butanone |
79.2 |
96.3 |
81.9 |
94.4 |
2-Pentanone |
104 |
121 |
104 |
121 |
3-Pentanone |
91.6 |
115 |
93.5 |
114 |
4-Methyl-2-pentanone |
94.6 |
112 |
96.1 |
111 |
Mesityl
oxide |
122 |
139 |
122 |
139 |
Cyclopentanone |
136 |
163 |
141 |
161 |
>2,4-Pentanedione |
126 |
145 |
130 |
144 |
3-Heptanone |
90.4 |
106 |
91.0 |
105 |
2-Heptanone |
99.6 |
115 |
101 |
114 |
Cyclohexanone |
123 |
146 |
126 |
144 |
5-Methyl-3-heptanone |
84.7 |
101 |
86.4 |
99.3 |
3-Methylcyclohexanone |
98.2 |
125 |
100 |
123 |
Diisobutyl
ketone |
68.9 |
84.7 |
70.8 |
83.4 |
4-Methylcyclohexanone |
109 |
127 |
111 |
126 |
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Alkanes |
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Pentane |
60.1 |
71.6 |
60.7 |
71.3 |
2,3-Dimethylbutane |
70.9 |
81.8 |
72.0 |
81.1 |
Hexane |
44.6 |
68.3 |
52.3 |
64.6 |
Methylcyclopentane |
61.5 |
76.7 |
62.2 |
76.2 |
Cyclohexane |
66.7 |
83.4 |
68.7 |
82.3 |
Cyclohexane |
83.4 |
101 |
85.8 |
100 |
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane |
67.6 |
80.5 |
68.3 |
80.4 |
Heptane |
76.9 |
90.3 |
78.2 |
89.8 |
Methylcyclohexane |
60.7 |
84.8 |
68.5 |
80.5 |
1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene |
119 |
138 |
121 |
136 |
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane |
66.5 |
80.0 |
67.6 |
80.0 |
5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene |
83.4 |
103 |
86.5 |
101 |
Cyclooctane |
96.0 |
115 |
96.8 |
113 |
Nonane |
75.5 |
89.7 |
76.2 |
89.3 |
Decane |
69.7 |
82.4 |
70.8 |
81.5 |
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Amines |
|
|
|
|
Methylamine |
10.2 |
19.4 |
12.4 |
17.9 |
Dimethylamine |
16.1 |
22.5 |
17.1 |
21.7 |
Ethylamine |
29.4 |
54.7 |
40.5 |
49.8 |
Isopropylamine |
59.5 |
79.5 |
65.6 |
75.8 |
Propylamine |
81.4 |
116 |
90.0 |
111 |
Diethylamine |
86.7 |
106 |
88.0 |
105 |
Butylamine |
101 |
130 |
110 |
125 |
Triethylamine |
78.9 |
92.2 |
81.1 |
91.0 |
Dipropylamine |
91.8 |
106 |
93.0 |
105 |
Diisopropylamine |
74.8 |
88.2 |
77.0 |
87.1 |
Cyclohexylamine |
107 |
130 |
112 |
128 |
Dibutylamine |
73.2 |
86.5 |
75.5 |
84.8 |
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Miscellaneous |
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|
|
|
Methyl
iodide |
9.9 |
18.9 |
11.6 |
17.7 |
Acrylonitrile |
45.9 |
62.8 |
48.5 |
61.1 |
Dibromomethane |
77.9 |
124 |
82.0 |
121 |
Pyridine |
116 |
137 |
119 |
134 |
Epichlorohydrin |
78.8 |
114 |
85.5 |
110 |
2-Methoxyethanol |
114 |
146 |
116 |
145 |
1,2-Dibromothane |
140 |
165 |
141 |
165 |
1-Nitropropane |
140 |
165 |
143 |
164 |
2-Ethoxyethanol |
80.4 |
121 |
77.0 |
123 |
Acetic
anhydride |
121 |
140 |
124 |
138 |
2-Methoxyethyl
acetate |
90.8 |
115 |
93.3 |
113 |
Bromobenzene |
139 |
160 |
142 |
159 |
2-Ethoxyethyl
acetate |
76.5 |
98.7 |
79.5 |
96.5 |
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Return to Respiratory Advisor Homepage |
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