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Comparing Descriptive Calculation with Experimental
The following table provides a listing of breakthrough times as calculated using the Yoon-Nelson
 equations versus experimental data. (Note: the Yoon-Nelson equation is a descriptive equation that
 uses the experimental data to derive parameters used in the calculation.) The following standard
 conditions were used:
  • Contaminant concentration: 1000 ppm
  • Number of respirator cartridges: 2
  • Sorbent: Activated charcoal, the specific source  varied with manufacturer
  • Sorbent mass per cartridge: 20-40 g, the amount varied with manufacturer
  • Flow rate: 53.3 liters per minute
  • Temperature: 22 degrees Celsius
  • Relative humidity: 50%
  • Preconditioning humidity: 50%
  1. Yoon, Y.H., J.H. Nelson, Breakthrough Time and Adsorption Capacity of Respirator Cartridges, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 53:303-316 (1992).
  2. Nelson, G.O., A.N. Correia, Respirator cartridge efficiency studies: VIII. Summary and conclusions, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 37:517-525 (1976).
Compound Name Calculated Experimental
  1% 10% 1% 10%
Aromatics        
Benzene 71.2 90.2 73.3 88.6
Toluene 93.2 116 94.3 114
Ethyl benzene 81.4 106 83.7 105
m-Xylene 97.9 117 98.7 116
Cumene 81.3 103 81.2 103
Mesitylene 84.9 106 85.5 105
p-Cymene 73.7 94.2 75.6 92.9
         
Alcohols        
Methanol -1.90 4.50 0.211 3.37
Ethanol 20.0 50.1 28.0 45.3
Isopropanol 48.4 86.2 54.3 81.8
Allyl alcohol 62.5 107 65.5 105
Propanol 84.4 124 85.5 123
sec-Butanol 94.3 123 96.0 121
Butanol 113 143 115 141
2-Pentanol 84.2 113 86.8 111
3-Methyl-1-butanol 96.1 123 97.0 121
4-Methyl-2-pentanol 70.8 98.5 75.4 96.1
Pentanol 103 129 103 130
2-Ethyl-1-butanol 72.1 103 76.5 101
         
Monochlorides        
Methyl chloride -0.927 1.18 0.051 0.689
Vinyl chloride 2.48 7.58 3.75 6.64
Ethyl chloride 4.89 11.1 5.62 10.7
2-Chloropropane 24.0 37.1 26.1 35.9
Allyl chloride 29.5 45.5 30.5 44.6
1-Chloropropane 22.5 39.6 24.5 38.4
2-Chloro-2-methylpropane  35.8 53.3 37.4 52.3
1-Chlorobutane 71.3 88.8 72.0 88.1
2-Chloro-2-methylbutane 58.5 79.8 58.8 79.3
1-Chloropentane 74.7 96.8 74.7 96.6
Chlorocyclopentane 78.0 105 77.5 106
Chlorobenzene 106 132 107 131
1-Chlorohexane 75.3 97.8 77.3 95.8
o-Chlorotoluene 99.4 123 102 122
1-Chloroheptane 82.0 101 81.5 101
3-(Chloromethyl) heptane 62.0 80.5 63.4 80.5
         
Dichlorides        
Dichloromethane 7.78 17.1 10.1 15.8
trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 33.0 50.7 33.0 50.3
1,1-Dichloroethane 17.9 42.9 23.3 40.1
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 24.6 45.5 29.8 42.6
1,2-Dichloroethane 50.9 82.1 54.0 79.7
1,2-Dichloropropane 62.4 92.0 65.0 90.3
cis-trans-1,2-Dichloropropene 85.0 111 85.5 110
1,4-Dichlorobutane 106 130 108 129
o-Dichlorobenzene 106 134 109 132
         
Trichlorides        
Chloroform 29.6 54.8 33.2 52.4
Methyl chloroform 34.1 62.6 40.4 58.9
Trichloroethylene 52.2 85.2 55.3 83.0
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 71.4 112 71.8 112
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 108 133 111 132
         
Tetrachlorides        
Carbon tetrachloride 74.0 91.9 77.0 90.0
Perchloroethylene 105 130 107 129
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 102 132 104 131
         
Pentachlorides        
Pentachloroethane 92.2 118 93.2 117
         
Acetates        
Methyl acetate 30.1 48.3 32.8 46.5
Vinyl acetate 55.6 80.4 55.0 81.1
Ethyl acetate 64.9 86.3 66.8 84.7
Isopropyl acetate 63.1 86.8 64.5 85.6
Isopropenyl acetate 80.3 106 80.6 106
Propyl acetate 75.6 101 78.8 99.0
Allyl acetate 73.4 96.7 75.8 95.6
sec-Butyl acetate 81.4 102 82.8 101
Butyl acetate 76.0 97.6 77.3 96.9
Isopentyl acetate 69.1 89.6 70.9 88.3
1,3-Dimethylbutyl acetate 60.6 76.0 60.6 76.0
Pentyl acetate 69.4 89.4 72.6 87.3
Hexyl acetate 65.6 86.5 67.0 85.3
         
Ketones        
Acetone 35.6 46.8 37.1 46.0
2-Butanone 79.2 96.3 81.9 94.4
2-Pentanone 104 121 104 121
3-Pentanone 91.6 115 93.5 114
4-Methyl-2-pentanone 94.6 112 96.1 111
Mesityl oxide 122 139 122 139
Cyclopentanone 136 163 141 161
>2,4-Pentanedione 126 145 130 144
3-Heptanone 90.4 106 91.0 105
2-Heptanone 99.6 115 101 114
Cyclohexanone 123 146 126 144
5-Methyl-3-heptanone 84.7 101 86.4 99.3
3-Methylcyclohexanone 98.2 125 100 123
Diisobutyl ketone 68.9 84.7 70.8 83.4
4-Methylcyclohexanone 109 127 111 126
         
Alkanes        
Pentane 60.1 71.6 60.7 71.3
2,3-Dimethylbutane 70.9 81.8 72.0 81.1
Hexane 44.6 68.3 52.3 64.6
Methylcyclopentane 61.5 76.7 62.2 76.2
Cyclohexane 66.7 83.4 68.7 82.3
Cyclohexane 83.4 101 85.8 100
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane 67.6 80.5 68.3 80.4
Heptane 76.9 90.3 78.2 89.8
Methylcyclohexane 60.7 84.8 68.5 80.5
1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene 119 138 121 136
2,2,5-Trimethylhexane 66.5 80.0 67.6 80.0
5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene 83.4 103 86.5 101
Cyclooctane 96.0 115 96.8 113
Nonane 75.5 89.7 76.2 89.3
Decane 69.7 82.4 70.8 81.5
         
Amines        
Methylamine 10.2 19.4 12.4 17.9
Dimethylamine 16.1 22.5 17.1 21.7
Ethylamine 29.4 54.7 40.5 49.8
Isopropylamine 59.5 79.5 65.6 75.8
Propylamine 81.4 116 90.0 111
Diethylamine 86.7 106 88.0 105
Butylamine 101 130 110 125
Triethylamine 78.9 92.2 81.1 91.0
Dipropylamine 91.8 106 93.0 105
Diisopropylamine 74.8 88.2 77.0 87.1
Cyclohexylamine 107 130 112 128
Dibutylamine 73.2 86.5 75.5 84.8
         
Miscellaneous        
Methyl iodide 9.9 18.9 11.6 17.7
Acrylonitrile 45.9 62.8 48.5 61.1
Dibromomethane 77.9 124 82.0 121
Pyridine 116 137 119 134
Epichlorohydrin 78.8 114 85.5 110
2-Methoxyethanol 114 146 116 145
1,2-Dibromothane 140 165 141 165
1-Nitropropane 140 165 143 164
2-Ethoxyethanol 80.4 121 77.0 123
Acetic anhydride 121 140 124 138
2-Methoxyethyl acetate 90.8 115 93.3 113
Bromobenzene 139 160 142 159
2-Ethoxyethyl acetate 76.5 98.7 79.5 96.5

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